There is no doubt that development in Agricultural sector means the development of the country. Agriculture consumes water in such a large quantity that now it has became a threat to this valuable natural resource (WATER). It is estimated that 69% of worldwide water is used for irrigation, with 15-35% of irrigation withdrawals being unsustainable.
In some areas of the world, irrigation is necessary to grow any crop at all, in other areas it permits or enhances crop yield. Various irrigation methods involve different trade-offs between crop yield, water consumption and capital cost of equipment and structures. Irrigation methods such as furrow and sprinkler irrigation are usually less expensive but are also typically less efficient, because much of the water evaporates, runs off or drains below the root zone.
Other irrigation methods like drip or trickle irrigation and surge irrigation are considered to be more efficient .These types of systems, while more expensive, and usually offer greater potential to minimize runoff, drainage and evaporation. Any system that is improperly managed can be wasteful; all methods have the potential for high efficiencies under suitable conditions, appropriate irrigation timing and management.
As global populations grow, and as demand for food increases in a world with a fixed water supply, there are efforts underway to learn how to produce more food with less water, through improvements in irrigation methods and technologies, agricultural water management, crop types.
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